Meaning
Non-destructive testing techniques use ionizing radiation to create three-dimensional images of the internal structure of objects at the micrometer scale. Using x-ray micro-tomography allows researchers to inspect the interior of a part without cutting it or causing any damage. The process involves taking hundreds of two-dimensional projections as the sample rotates and then using a computer to reconstruct the full volume.
This provides a complete map of the material density and the geometry of internal features such as pores and inclusions. It is a primary tool for quality control in the production of complex metal and plastic components.
Volumetric Inspection
Scans provide a much more detailed view than traditional two-dimensional X-rays. Because x-ray micro-tomography captures the entire volume, it can be used to measure internal dimensions that are inaccessible to physical probes. This is essential for verifying the alignment of internal parts in sealed assemblies.
Microstructural Analysis
Small details like the orientation of fibers in a composite or the size of grains in a metal can be studied in detail. The data from x-ray micro-tomography is often used to feed numerical models that predict the strength and failure points of a design. This helps engineers improve the performance of parts before they go into full production.
Sample Preparation
Precise results require the object to be mounted securely so it does not move during the rotation. If the sample shifts even slightly, the x-ray micro-tomography reconstruction will be blurry and the measurements will be inaccurate. Specialized fixtures are used to hold parts of different shapes while minimizing the amount of extra material the X-rays must pass through.
