Meaning
Monetary obligations transferred from a seller to a financier provide the basis for asset based lending and factoring. These assigned receivables serve as collateral for a loan or are purchased outright to provide the seller with immediate cash flow. The transfer of rights allows the financier to collect the payments directly from the end customers.
This process converts the value of future payments into current working capital.
Asset Transfer
Legal ownership of the invoices moves from the borrower to the lender through a formal assignment notice. Once the assigned receivables are recorded, the borrower must ensure that any payments received are forwarded to the correct account. This shift in control is a requirement for the lender to maintain their security interest.
Accurate record keeping is essential to track which invoices have been funded and which remain outstanding.
Collection Protocol
Payment instructions are sent to the debtors to redirect their funds to a controlled bank account.
Valuation Delta
Net value is calculated by subtracting potential credits, returns and discounts from the face amount of the invoices. Lenders apply a haircut to the assigned receivables to account for the risk of non payment or dilution. If the quality of the customer base declines, the lender may reduce the amount of credit available against the assets.
Regular audits of the aging report ensure that the collateral remains sufficient to cover the outstanding debt.